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To cut through some of this confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to divide it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code that represents ownership of a digital concept type of like a digital IOU. On the other hand, you've got bitcoin-the-protocol, a dispersed network which maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The system enables payments to be sent between users without passing via a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It's created and kept electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, for example dollars or euros theyre produced by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the very first example of what we call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset category that shares some characteristics of traditional currencies, with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software programmer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment method based on mathematical proof. The idea was to produce a means of exchange, independent of any central authority, that may be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable way.
Bitcoins most important feature is it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It is maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run through an open network of committed servers spread around the globe. This brings individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin solves the dual spending problem of electronic currencies (in which digital assets can easily be replicated and re-used) through an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of these transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can attempt to manipulate a currencys value relative to others. Holders of this currency (and notably citizens with very little alternative) keep the price.
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Together with bitcoin, on the other hand, the distribution is tightly controlled go now by the underlying algorithm. Even a small number of new bitcoins trickle out every hourand will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a maximum of 21 million has been reached. This makes bitcoin more appealing as an asset in theory, if demand grows and the supply remains the same, the value will increase. .
While senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to comply with anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept operate in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol assesses all prior transactions to confirm that the sender has the necessary bitcoin in addition to the authority to send them.
In practice, each user is identified by the address of his or her wallet. Transactions can, with a little effort, be tracked this way. Additionally, law enforcement has developed approaches to identify users if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by legislation to perform identity checks on their clients before they're allowed to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another way that bitcoin utilization can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the progress of a specific transaction is observable to all.
This is because there is no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. If a transaction is listed on the network, and when greater than an hour has passed, it is impossible to modify.
Even though this might disquiet a few, it will mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is called a satoshi. It is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, roughly one see this website hundredth of a cent. This may conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is a digital currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It had been invented in 2008 by an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.